Political participation in transitional democracies: evaluating the use of national identification number versus voters’ cards in elections in Nigeria

Abstract

This paper examines the role of national identification numbers and voter cards in promoting political participation in Nigeria’s transitional democracy. We argue that using national identification numbersas a requirement for voting will broaden liberal democratic principles and enhance political participationdue to their wider coverage. In contrast, voter cards tend to foster exclusivity, undermining participatorydemocracy, especially in transitional democracies like Nigeria. Here, politicians with an underdeveloped
political culture often exploit the voter registration process for their own advantage in their desperation towin elections.
Our study advocates for using national identification numbers, including all necessary biometric data, as thebasis for voting and electoral participation rather than relying on voter registration. This shift would deepenliberal democracy and enhance the legitimacy of elections. Our analysis employs a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data from elections with qualitative insights gathered from interviews andfocus groups. Our findings underscore the importance of understanding the nuanced relationship betweenidentification systems and political participation in transitional democracies.
Key words: political participation, national identification number, voters ‘cards, elections, Nigeria.