Comprehensive analysis of municipal waste management in Bangladesh: embracing the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle)

Abstract

In Bangladesh, the main factors contributing to the increase in municipal solid waste (MSW) are population growth and rapid urbanization. The lack of effective waste management negatively affects the environment, human health, and the overall quality of urban life. This study focuses on the current state of municipal waste management organizations in Bangladesh and assesses their viability and sustainability. The primary objective of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the 3Rs—reduce, reuse, and recycle—as methods for waste management at the municipal level. The value of this research lies in its potential to inform both the waste management sector and policymakers about feasible approaches to achieve sustainable municipal waste management. By promoting the implementation of the 3Rs in educational initiatives regarding waste management and disposal, the study aims to encourage sustainable practices and reduce overall disposal costs. The study employs a literature review, case studies from various towns in Bangladesh, and a primary survey involving local government officials, waste management experts, and the general public. Data analysis methods include frequency analysis, content analysis, and quantitative analysis. Key findings reveal that, despite growing waste management challenges, a majority of users in urban centers adhere to the principles of the 3Rs. However, there are significant implementation issues, such as inadequate infrastructure, insufficient health promotion, and poorly designed programs. To enhance the effectiveness of the 3Rs in municipal waste management, the study suggests developing efficient recycling mechanisms, strengthening regulatory requirements, and fostering public support and involvement. The research underscores the importance of an integrated approach to waste management in Bangladesh.

Keywords: waste, management, municipality, 3Rs (Reuse, Reduce and Recycle), Bangladesh.